Also referred to as cost per unit or cost of sales, it involves the direct expenses a company incurs in manufacturing or purchasing the products it sells, including material and labor costs.
It excludes indirect costs related to selling and distribution expenses.
Refers to a consumer’s consistent preference for purchasing the same brand over competing ones, driven by
The variety of products that a retailer offers for sale to meet the diverse preferences and
Emerges when customers consistently favor a brand over its competitors, leading to repeat purchases and a
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